The United States of America ended its most bloody war in 1865. This was the Civil War. After the war, a 13th Amendment was added to the Constitution. This amendment ended slavery. Soon afterwards, two more amendments were added. The first made all persons born or naturalized in the United States a citizen. The next one gave all citizens the right to vote. This angered the whites because now blacks had just as many rights as them. After much racism and violence the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 occurred. They were a group of cases where blacks felt they had their rights violated. They based their cases on the Civil Rights Act of 1875. This act gave all citizens the right to go to all places of public amusement, such as theaters or restaurants. However, they lost the cases and the whites prevailed. The vote was 7 to 1. One justice abstained. Justice John Marshall Harlan was the lone dissenter.
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